Read Anywhere and on Any Device!

Subscribe to Read | $0.00

Join today and start reading your favorite books for Free!

Create Free Account

Quick and Easy Sign Up!

It takes less then 1 minute to sign up, then you can enjoy Unlimited eBooks.

Sign Up Browse

Popular Genres

Read Anywhere and on Any Device!

  • Download on iOS
  • Download on Android
  • Download on iOS

The Popes of the Gregorian Renaissance: St Leo IX to Honorious II, AD 1049-1130

The Popes of the Gregorian Renaissance: St Leo IX to Honorious II, AD 1049-1130

Cristo Raul
5/5 ( ratings)
Read Download
CONTENTS
ST. LEO IX.
VICTOR II. ,
STEPHEN X.
NICHOLAS II.
ALEXANDER II.
ST. GREGORY VII.
B. VICTOR III.
B. URBAN II.
PASCHAL I
GELASIUS II
CALIXTUS II
HONORIUS II

The century of papal history which it is hoped will be illustrated by the following pages was the age dominated by the great name of Hildebrand, and hence is often described as the saeculum Hildebrandicum. It was the age in which that high-minded and pure-souled monk strove, either by his own exertions or by those which he inspired, to promote that reform in the Church which had been inaugurated by St. Leo IX. The efforts at reform took the shape of a determined struggle against the triple scourge of simony, clerical incontinence, and the tyrannical interference of the powerful in the domain of the Church, and were at length focussed in the fight against lay investiture. But the attempt to stifle this abuse which was begun under the saintly Pontiff from Lorraine, was not destined to be concluded either in his reign, during which Hildebrand was trained, or in those of his immediate successors who were under the influence of Hildebrand, or in that of Hildebrand himself. It was not to be terminated till the pontificate of Calixtus II; while the general contest between the Papacy and the Empire which took its rise in this attempt at reform was to last till the fifteenth century, and was, in the temporal order, to exhaust both.

The reforming zeal of the Popes of the school of Hildebrand almost everywhere encountered the most stubborn opposition; so deep-rooted were the evils they strove to eradicate, so dear were they to the passions of the clergy, or to the interests of the great. And nowhere did they meet with greater opposition than in Italy. If simony was rife in France, it was worse in Germany, and worst of all in Italy; and if the spectacle of married priests and bishops was not uncommon in other countries of Europe, it was nowhere more obvious than in Italy, and especially in Milan and in Lombardy generally. The reason of this is not far to seek. Though the Church OF Italy, especially in its northern portion, had, owing to the power of its bishops, and to the comparatively rare interfering visits of the German emperors, been free to a very large extent from the royal oppression under which it groaned in other countries, it had become thoroughly demoralized by the terrible anarchy of the tenth century, and its bishops were, for the most part, as loose in their morals as their secular compeers.

Though, then, the fight for independence and reform upon which the Popes had entered was to be long and bitter, and was to bring upon them a very large share of suffering from the Franconian emperors and their con¬temptible antipopes, they were not to stand alone in the combat. The words of such fiery champions of reform as St. Peter Damian must never be taken too literally. There were always good priests and even good bishops, and that too even in Italy, who were longing for a reformation in manners, and who were only waiting for an opportunity to help to promote it. Especially were the Popes supported by the religious orders, by the Camaldolese, founded by St. Romuald , by the Premonstratensians , and especially by the Benedictines, revivified by the reforms of Cluny and by those of the Carthusians , and of the Cistercians , and producing from such centres as Bec and Clairvaux men like Lanfranc and SS. Anselm and Bernard.
Language
English
Pages
585
Format
Kindle Edition

The Popes of the Gregorian Renaissance: St Leo IX to Honorious II, AD 1049-1130

Cristo Raul
5/5 ( ratings)
Read Download
CONTENTS
ST. LEO IX.
VICTOR II. ,
STEPHEN X.
NICHOLAS II.
ALEXANDER II.
ST. GREGORY VII.
B. VICTOR III.
B. URBAN II.
PASCHAL I
GELASIUS II
CALIXTUS II
HONORIUS II

The century of papal history which it is hoped will be illustrated by the following pages was the age dominated by the great name of Hildebrand, and hence is often described as the saeculum Hildebrandicum. It was the age in which that high-minded and pure-souled monk strove, either by his own exertions or by those which he inspired, to promote that reform in the Church which had been inaugurated by St. Leo IX. The efforts at reform took the shape of a determined struggle against the triple scourge of simony, clerical incontinence, and the tyrannical interference of the powerful in the domain of the Church, and were at length focussed in the fight against lay investiture. But the attempt to stifle this abuse which was begun under the saintly Pontiff from Lorraine, was not destined to be concluded either in his reign, during which Hildebrand was trained, or in those of his immediate successors who were under the influence of Hildebrand, or in that of Hildebrand himself. It was not to be terminated till the pontificate of Calixtus II; while the general contest between the Papacy and the Empire which took its rise in this attempt at reform was to last till the fifteenth century, and was, in the temporal order, to exhaust both.

The reforming zeal of the Popes of the school of Hildebrand almost everywhere encountered the most stubborn opposition; so deep-rooted were the evils they strove to eradicate, so dear were they to the passions of the clergy, or to the interests of the great. And nowhere did they meet with greater opposition than in Italy. If simony was rife in France, it was worse in Germany, and worst of all in Italy; and if the spectacle of married priests and bishops was not uncommon in other countries of Europe, it was nowhere more obvious than in Italy, and especially in Milan and in Lombardy generally. The reason of this is not far to seek. Though the Church OF Italy, especially in its northern portion, had, owing to the power of its bishops, and to the comparatively rare interfering visits of the German emperors, been free to a very large extent from the royal oppression under which it groaned in other countries, it had become thoroughly demoralized by the terrible anarchy of the tenth century, and its bishops were, for the most part, as loose in their morals as their secular compeers.

Though, then, the fight for independence and reform upon which the Popes had entered was to be long and bitter, and was to bring upon them a very large share of suffering from the Franconian emperors and their con¬temptible antipopes, they were not to stand alone in the combat. The words of such fiery champions of reform as St. Peter Damian must never be taken too literally. There were always good priests and even good bishops, and that too even in Italy, who were longing for a reformation in manners, and who were only waiting for an opportunity to help to promote it. Especially were the Popes supported by the religious orders, by the Camaldolese, founded by St. Romuald , by the Premonstratensians , and especially by the Benedictines, revivified by the reforms of Cluny and by those of the Carthusians , and of the Cistercians , and producing from such centres as Bec and Clairvaux men like Lanfranc and SS. Anselm and Bernard.
Language
English
Pages
585
Format
Kindle Edition

More books from Cristo Raul

HISTORY OF INDIA From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century BC

3.6/5 ( ratings)

A History of Southern Missouri and Northern Arkansas: Being an Account of the Early Settlements, the Civil War, the Ku-Klux, and Times of Peace

3.7/5 ( ratings)

THE HOUSE OF SELEUCUS.358-251 BC. Volume 2.

4.2/5 ( ratings)

Italy and Her Invaders: Volume III - The Ostrogothic Invasion

3.6/5 ( ratings)

Italy and Her Invaders: Volume II - The Hunnish Invasion

4/5 ( ratings)

The History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic Kings

1.5/5 ( ratings)

THE PRINCIPLES OF PROTESTANTISM

4.5/5 ( ratings)

THhe Papal Restoration. A.D. 1444-1464 (A History of the Papacy From the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome)

5/5 ( ratings)

The Archaeology of the Cuneiform Inscriptions

4.5/5 ( ratings)

The Council Of Constance. A.D.1414 1418. (A History Of The Papacy From The Great Schism To The Sack Of Rome)

5/5 ( ratings)

Ghenko: The Mongol Invasion of Japan

4.5/5 ( ratings)

The Seven Years' War

2.5/5 ( ratings)

A History of the Papacy from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome, Volume 3: The Council of Basel A.D. 1419-1447

5/5 ( ratings)

HISTORY OF GREECE.FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE CLOSE OF THE GENERATION CONTEMPORARY WITH ALEXANDER THE GREAT. VOLUME V

3.5/5 ( ratings)

Italy And Her Invaders.Volume Viii.The Frankish Empire. A.D. 774 814

4.5/5 ( ratings)

THE WAR OF FREDERICK I AGAINST THE COMMUNES OF LOMBARDY.

3/5 ( ratings)

Pope Alexander III (A.D. 1159 1181)

4/5 ( ratings)

THE OTTOMAN AND THE SPANISH EMPIRES, IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES.

5/5 ( ratings)

The Popes During the Carolingian Empire. Leo III to Formosus A.D. 795-891 (THE HISTORY AND LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES)

3/5 ( ratings)

THE WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION

5/5 ( ratings)

Rate this book!

Write a review?

loader