Political parties in Pakistan had been unable to give stability and order to that nation's political system, in part because they had been riddled with factions. This book examines factional conflict within the Muslim League, the oldest party in the country, and finds it rooted in the political culture of the landlords who dominate party councils and legislative assemblies. This factionalism is encouraged by the higher levels of bureaucracy, which exercised effective power in the state, to keep the political parties from challenging the bureaucracy's preponderance in government. This pattern has characterized Pakistan's experience with democratic politics and hasn't changed yet.
Political parties in Pakistan had been unable to give stability and order to that nation's political system, in part because they had been riddled with factions. This book examines factional conflict within the Muslim League, the oldest party in the country, and finds it rooted in the political culture of the landlords who dominate party councils and legislative assemblies. This factionalism is encouraged by the higher levels of bureaucracy, which exercised effective power in the state, to keep the political parties from challenging the bureaucracy's preponderance in government. This pattern has characterized Pakistan's experience with democratic politics and hasn't changed yet.