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The 1819 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Sheki: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province Prior to Its Annexation by ... Heritage in the Caucasus and Central Asia)

George A. Bournoutian

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On May 26, 1805 Ebrahim Khan of Karabagh and General Tsitsianov signed a treaty by which the khan swore by the Qur an that he would be loyal to the Russian emperor. On January 6, 1806 Mostafa Khan of Shirvan signed a similar treaty. Although Salim Khan of Sheki had agreed to a similar treaty, the formal treaty was signed by Tsitsianov s successor General Ivan Gudovich with the new khan of Sheki, Ja`far Qoli, on January 12, 1807. The khans of Karabagh, Sheki and Shirvan were left to administer their own domains, continued to send their annual tribute in gold rubles, as well as hostages to Tiflis, and provide food and lodging for the Russian garrisons. More importantly, the khans remained in charge of appointing officials, collecting taxes or granting tax-exemption, and farming out revenues.
The state of affairs changed dramatically at the end of 1816 with the appointment of General Alexei Yermolov, as the new Commander-in-Chief of Georgia with jurisdiction over the whole of the Caucasus. Yermolov felt that the entire Caucasus and the region south of the Caucasus Moun-tains must become an integral part of the Russian Empire. He was not only against the continuation of independent or semi-independent khanates or enclaves, but also felt that Russian security in the region depended on the conquest of the khanates of Yerevan and Nakhichevan, with the Aras River forming the new boundary between Russia and Iran.
When the khan of Sheki, Esma`il, died in 1819, without any direct male heir, Yermolov an-nexed the khanate. Seeing the writing on the wall, Mostafa Khan of Shirvan fled to Iran in 1820. Yermolov immediately annexed that khanate. When Mahdi Qoli Khan of Karabagh also fled to Iran in 1822 Yermolov annexed the last self-ruling khanate as well.
Following the annexation of each khanate, Yermolov commissioned a detailed demographic and economic survey. Only a handful of these surveys, describing the socioeconomic conditions of a former Iranian province in its last year of its existence have survived in the archives of Russia, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan.

Language: English

Pages: 202

Format: Paperback

Release: December 06, 2016

ISBN 13: 9781568593159

The 1819 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Sheki: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province Prior to Its Annexation by ... Heritage in the Caucasus and Central Asia)

George A. Bournoutian

0/5 ( ratings)

On May 26, 1805 Ebrahim Khan of Karabagh and General Tsitsianov signed a treaty by which the khan swore by the Qur an that he would be loyal to the Russian emperor. On January 6, 1806 Mostafa Khan of Shirvan signed a similar treaty. Although Salim Khan of Sheki had agreed to a similar treaty, the formal treaty was signed by Tsitsianov s successor General Ivan Gudovich with the new khan of Sheki, Ja`far Qoli, on January 12, 1807. The khans of Karabagh, Sheki and Shirvan were left to administer their own domains, continued to send their annual tribute in gold rubles, as well as hostages to Tiflis, and provide food and lodging for the Russian garrisons. More importantly, the khans remained in charge of appointing officials, collecting taxes or granting tax-exemption, and farming out revenues.
The state of affairs changed dramatically at the end of 1816 with the appointment of General Alexei Yermolov, as the new Commander-in-Chief of Georgia with jurisdiction over the whole of the Caucasus. Yermolov felt that the entire Caucasus and the region south of the Caucasus Moun-tains must become an integral part of the Russian Empire. He was not only against the continuation of independent or semi-independent khanates or enclaves, but also felt that Russian security in the region depended on the conquest of the khanates of Yerevan and Nakhichevan, with the Aras River forming the new boundary between Russia and Iran.
When the khan of Sheki, Esma`il, died in 1819, without any direct male heir, Yermolov an-nexed the khanate. Seeing the writing on the wall, Mostafa Khan of Shirvan fled to Iran in 1820. Yermolov immediately annexed that khanate. When Mahdi Qoli Khan of Karabagh also fled to Iran in 1822 Yermolov annexed the last self-ruling khanate as well.
Following the annexation of each khanate, Yermolov commissioned a detailed demographic and economic survey. Only a handful of these surveys, describing the socioeconomic conditions of a former Iranian province in its last year of its existence have survived in the archives of Russia, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan.

Language: English

Pages: 202

Format: Paperback

Release: December 06, 2016

ISBN 13: 9781568593159

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