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Friedrich Hebbel

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Born: March 17 1830

Died: 1212 12 18631863

Christian Friedrich Hebbel was a German poet and dramatist.
Hebbel was born at Wesselburen in Ditmarschen, Holstein, the son of a bricklayer. He was educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums. Despite his humble origins, he showed a talent for poetry, resulting in the publication, in the Hamburg Modezeitung, of verses which he had sent to Amalie Schoppe , a popular journalist and author of nursery tales. Through her patronage, he was able to go to the University of Hamburg.

A year later he went to Heidelberg to study law, but gave it up and went on to the University of Munich, where he devoted himself to philosophy, history and literature. In 1839 Hebbel left Munich and walked all the way back to Hamburg, where he resumed his friendship with Elise Lensing, whose self-sacrificing assistance had helped him over the darkest days in Munich. In the same year he wrote his first tragedy, Judith , which in the following year was performed in Hamburg and Berlin and made his name known throughout Germany.

In 1840 he wrote the tragedy Genoveva, and the following year finished a comedy, Der Diamant, which he had begun at Munich. In 1842 he visited Copenhagen, where he obtained from King Christian VIII a small travelling studentship, which enabled him to spend some time in Paris and two years in Italy. In Paris he wrote his fine "tragedy of common life," Maria Magdalena . On his return from Italy Hebbel met at Vienna two Polish noblemen, the brothers Zerboni di Sposetti, who in their enthusiasm for his genius urged him to remain, and supplied him with the means to mingle in the best intellectual society of the Austrian capital.

Hebbel's old precarious existence now became a horror to him, and he made a deliberate breach with it by marrying the beautiful and wealthy actress Christine Enghaus, giving up Elise Lensing , on the grounds that "a man's first duty is to the most powerful force within him, that which alone can give him happiness and be of service to the world": in his case the poetical faculty, which would have perished "in the miserable struggle for existence". This "deadly sin," which, "if peace of conscience be the test of action," was, he considered, the best act of his life, established his fortunes. Elise, however, still provided useful inspiration for his art. As late as 1851, shortly after her death, he wrote the little epic Mutter und Kind, intended to show that the relation of parent and child is the essential factor which makes the quality of happiness among all classes and under all conditions equal.

Long before this Hebbel had become famous, German sovereigns bestowed decorations upon him; in foreign capitals he was feted as the greatest of living German dramatists. From the grand-duke of Saxe-Weimar he received a flattering invitation to take up his residence at Weimar, where several of his plays were first performed. He remained, however, at Vienna until his death.
Besides the works already mentioned, Hebbel's principal tragedies are:
Herodes and Mariamne
Julia
Michel Angelo
Agnès Bernauer
Gyges and His Ring
Die Nibelungen , his last work , which won for the author the Schiller prize.

Of his comedies Der Diamant , Der Rubin and the tragi-comedy Ein Trauerspiel in Sizilien , are the more important, but they are heavy and hardly rise above mediocrity. All his dramatic productions, however, exhibit skill in characterization, great glow of passion, and a true feeling for dramatic situation; but their poetic effect is frequently marred by extravagances which border on the grotesque, and by the introduction of incidents the unpleasant character of which is not sufficiently relieved. In many of his lyric poem

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Friedrich Hebbel

Friedrich Hebbel

Books from Friedrich Hebbel

Die Nibelungen

Maria Magdalena. EinFach Deutsch Textausgaben: Gymnasiale Oberstufe

Gyges und sein Ring

Maria Magdalena: Ein bürgerliches Trauerspiel in drei Akten

Giudizio Universale con pause

Cuentos románticos alemanes

Agnes Bernauer: Ein deutsches Trauerspiel in f?nf Aufz?gen

Nineteenth Century German Plays: Fraz Grillparzer, Johann Nepomuk Nestroy, Friedrich Hebbel: King Ottocar's Rise and Fall, The Talisman, Agnes Bernauer

Multilingual Poetry Collection 018

Maria Magdalena. Königs Erläuterungen.: Textanalyse und Interpretation mit ausführlicher Inhaltsangabe und Abituraufgaben mit Lösungen

The Ruby and The Lonely Children: Fairy Tales by Friedrich Hebbel

Maria Magdalena. Interpretationen

Three plays

Du deutsches Kind!: Eine Gabe für unsere Jugend (German Edition)

Ernst Frhern. Von Feuchtersleben's S�mmtliche Werke. Erster Band.

Wintergedichte: Besinnen und Nachdenken (German Edition)

»Poesie der Idee«: Tagebuchaufzeichnungen (Fischer Klassik PLUS) (German Edition)

Diario

Agnes Bernauer: Ein deutsches Trauerspiel in fünf Aufzügen (Fischer Klassik Plus 176)

S�mtliche Werke, Vol. 3: Dramen III (1851-1858); Der Rubin; Michel Angelo; Agnes Bernauer; Gyges Und Sein Ring; Ein Steinwurf; Verkleidungen (Classic Reprint)