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Rosa Parks

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Born: February 03 1913

Died: 2323 10 20052005

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African American civil rights activist whom the U.S. Congress later called the "Mother of the Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement."

On December 1, 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks, age 42, refused to obey bus driver James Blake's order that she give up her seat to make room for a white passenger. Her action was not the first of its kind: Irene Morgan, in 1946, and Sarah Louise Keys, in 1955, had won rulings before the U.S. Supreme Court and the Interstate Commerce Commission respectively in the area of interstate bus travel. Nine months before Parks refused to give up her seat, 15-year-old Claudette Colvin refused to move from her seat on the same bus system. But unlike these previous individual actions of civil disobedience, Parks's action sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Parks's act of defiance became an important symbol of the modern Civil Rights Movement and Parks became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation. She organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including boycott leader Martin Luther King, Jr., helping to launch him to national prominence in the civil rights movement.

At the time of her action, Parks was secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and had recently attended the Highlander Folk School, a Tennessee center for workers' rights and racial equality. Nonetheless, she took her action as a private citizen "tired of giving in". Although widely honored in later years for her action, she also suffered for it, losing her job as a seamstress in a local department store. Eventually, she moved to Detroit, Michigan, where she found similar work. From 1965 to 1988 she served as secretary and receptionist to African-American U.S. Representative John Conyers. After retirement from this position, she wrote an autobiography and lived a largely private life in Detroit. In her final years she suffered from dementia and became embroiled in a lawsuit filed on her behalf against American hip-hop duo OutKast.

Parks eventually received many honors ranging from the 1979 Spingarn Medal to the Congressional Gold Medal, a posthumous statue in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall. Her death in 2005 was a major story in the United States' leading newspapers. She was granted the posthumous honor of lying in honor at the Capitol Rotunda.

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Rosa Parks

Rosa Parks

Books from Rosa Parks

Rosa Parks: My Story

I Am Rosa Parks

Quiet Strength: The Faith, the Hope, and the Heart of a Woman Who Changed a Nation

Reflections by Rosa Parks: The Quiet Strength and Faith of a Woman Who Changed a Nation

Dear Mrs. Parks

The Address To The First Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) Mass Meeting: An Unabridged Selection from A Call to Conscience - The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Secrets of Inner Power, a Profile in Courage

La mia storia: Una vita coraggiosa

Mon histoire : Une vie de lutte contre la ségrégation raciale

Rosa Parks. La meva història (Catalan Edition)

African American Collection (Grade 3-5): Abby Takes a Stand; the Jacket; Sunny Holiday; Rosa Parks, My Story; Washington City Is Burning; Scholastic Biography George Washington Carver

Working for Equality

We Rise: Speeches by Inspirational Black Women

Nah.: Rosa Parks| Rosa Parks Day|Rosa Parks Journal| Rosa Parks Notebook|Happy Rosa Parks Day| Black Women Empowerment Daily Affirmation Motivational ... With Rosa Parks Day with 100 Pages,8.5x11.

Mon histoire

The Bus Ride

Rosa Parks: Mi historia

We Rise: Speeches by Inspirational Black Women